Season 2 of House of Cards, which debuted simultaneously in China and its home country, is creating waves in the form of discussions about US politics, among other things. The Chinese streaming platform Sohu.com, which claims to have garnered 9 million viewers for the show, is racketing up its promotional campaign.
But compared with domestic or South Korean soap operas, this melodrama of American-style deceit and dense plotting is perceived as a niche product on the high-end of viewership, thus bringing in an audience of quality rather than quantity.
(Full disclosure: I was invited by Charles Zhang, CEO of Sohu, to participate in the Feb 18 press conference as a special guest offering my interpretation on the show.)
The popularity of House of Cards in China is rooted in the Chinese penchant for backroom political maneuvering. Palace drama has long been a favorite for both couch potatoes and conspiracy theorists.
Sure, The West Wing has some of that, too, but the Aaron Sorkin drama was too gentlemanly whereas this Kevin Spacey series dovetails perfectly with China's own Zhenhuan, a lengthy costume drama and one of the highest-rated and acclaimed shows in recent years, which was later edited down to six episodes for HBO.
As a matter of fact, it has been nicknamed "America's Zhenhuan" by some TV pundits.
For good or bad, it has been serving as a kind of primer for US politics - at least in the minds of a significant share of the Chinese audience. Herein lies another secret for its success on this side of the Pacific.
People across the ideological spectrum are able to find something to support their own beliefs: Those who hate the United States can have a field day, saying democracy, American style, is a sham fraught with wheeling and dealing no less dirty than China's feudal system; those who love the US will counter that the limited power of every politician, no matter how high his or her position, works well in preventing the evil side of human nature from totally corrupting the system.
If you flip the coin, however, it can also be argued that the show busts preconceptions for all those whose rigid views of the US are mostly derived from abstract theories. The game in Washington DC is far from the idealist's paradise of everybody working for the people. But the biggest revelation could be: The US government does not function as a single brain when dealing with a variety of issues. Even when the voice is unified, what is presented to the world is often the shifting results of wheeling and dealing among several political forces.
Season 2 holds special allure because the plot deals with China. When the US president, the secretary of state and other politicians float their proposals for China policy, we see the decision-making process as a deliberation of pros and cons and the trading of various interests, rather than a single person plucking the light bulb of a great idea from his head. This could be taken for granted by Americans, but here it could be startling and revealing.
The learning curve seems to be going both ways. China, as a narrative element of newsworthiness, is also no longer one big enterprise of mystery. There are different interests competing for favors and projects. (Spoiler: The person who claims to represent the Chinese government turns out to be one with his own agenda, possibly a sign of US television showmen's growing knowledge of the complexity of Chinese politics.)
For those who rely solely on highly dramatized accounts, such as House of Cards, for political insight, the perception and understanding indisputably will be warped. Still, it will be less ludicrous than basing every opinion of a vast and complex political structure on some outdated doctrine.
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同時(shí)在中國(guó)和美國(guó)首映的第二季《紙牌屋》引發(fā)了大家對(duì)美國(guó)政治的紛紛議論。
比起國(guó)內(nèi)或者韓國(guó)肥皂劇，這部陰暗腹黑的美劇被稱專門為高端觀眾群體定制，因此吸引了高端的受眾群，重質(zhì)不重量。
《紙牌屋》之所以在中國(guó)大熱，根源在于符合中國(guó)人樂于窺探政治內(nèi)幕的心理。宮廷劇一直是電視迷和陰謀論者的至愛。
當(dāng)然，《白宮群英》也有一些類似劇情，但是艾倫·索金創(chuàng)作的劇太有紳士派頭了，而凱文·斯派西出演的這部系列劇和中國(guó)的古裝劇《甄嬛傳》十分吻合，《甄嬛傳》是近幾年在中國(guó)最受歡迎的電視劇之一，被剪輯成6集迷你劇在美國(guó)主流媒體HBO播出。
事實(shí)上，有些電視權(quán)威人士還稱《紙牌屋》為“美國(guó)版甄嬛傳”。
無論是好是壞，《紙牌屋》被認(rèn)為是美國(guó)政治的縮影，至少大部分中國(guó)觀眾是這樣認(rèn)為的。而該劇在太平洋西岸取得如此的成功還有另一個(gè)秘密。
無論持有哪種意識(shí)形態(tài)的人們都能夠找到論據(jù)：那些討厭美國(guó)的人會(huì)比較痛快，認(rèn)為所謂的美式民主是一個(gè)用來耍手段的謊言，與中國(guó)的封建制度不相上下。那些愛美國(guó)的人則認(rèn)為，無論政客的官職大小，靠著他們僅有的權(quán)力能夠阻止人性中的黑暗面腐蝕整個(gè)系統(tǒng)。
然而，從另一個(gè)角度，你也可以認(rèn)為這部劇為那些僅通過抽象理論了解美國(guó)的人洗腦了，洗掉了他們對(duì)美國(guó)的刻板印象。白宮政治與為人民服務(wù)的理想天堂相差甚遠(yuǎn)，但可能最大的啟示是：美國(guó)政府在應(yīng)對(duì)各類事件時(shí)，并不是單靠某個(gè)人。即便意見一致，呈現(xiàn)給眾人的往往是幾大政治勢(shì)力不擇手段后，搖擺不定的結(jié)果。
《紙牌屋2》因有中國(guó)元素而更具吸引力。當(dāng)美國(guó)總統(tǒng)、國(guó)務(wù)卿和其他政客在實(shí)行他們的對(duì)華政策時(shí)，我們可以看到一個(gè)決策是經(jīng)過正反兩面的深思熟慮以及各種利益交換之后生成的，而不是某個(gè)人拍腦袋拍出來的。美國(guó)人也許認(rèn)為這樣的決策流程理所當(dāng)然，但在國(guó)內(nèi)這也許令人驚訝并有啟迪作用。
學(xué)習(xí)曲線似乎往兩方面走。作為有新聞價(jià)值的敘事元素，中國(guó)已不再神秘。不同的利益方在爭(zhēng)奪支援和項(xiàng)目。
對(duì)于那些僅僅通過《紙牌屋》這樣被高度戲劇化的電視劇來了解政治的人，他們的感知與理解毫無疑問會(huì)被扭曲。不過，這比起用過時(shí)的教條主義來鉆研復(fù)雜的政治體系好多了。 |
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